The invention discloses a debugging method for improving nuclear power station debugging safety and quality. The debugging method includes the two main steps of building a debugging work framework and executing debugging works. Building the debugging framework means that a tree structure targeted to the debugging working of a certain project is established, basic units for forming the tree structure are called as the debugging works, and the debugging works are certain specific tests or operation in the debugging working; the safety and quality of the debugging working of the whole project are improved by improving the safety and quality of each work; executing the debugging work means the processes of preparation of the works, the actual work execution and the final work execution verification according to the debugging result. By means of the method, the safety and quality of each most basic debugging work are effectively improved, the debugging working schedule can be better met, after a data frame is established through the method for a certain project, other projects can refer to and copy the frame, and the method has the advantages of being simple and convenient to use and universal.