The present invention is applicable to the field of communication, and provides an HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding) intraframe coding method based on spatial correlation. The method comprises: according to the depth and the size of a current coding unit, selecting an adjacent coding unit which is adjacent to the space of the current coding unit and has the same size, and calculating the depth range [a0, a1] of the adjacent coding unit; according to the relationship between the complexity of the current coding unit and the complexity of the adjacent coding unit and the position of the current coding unit, determining the depth range of the current coding unit; and coding the current coding unit according to the depth range of the current coding unit, selecting a depth with the minimum cost as the depth of the current coding unit according to predicted cost, ending the coding of the current coding unit and moving on to the next coding unit. The present invention also provides an HEVC intraframe coding system based on spatial correlation. The HEVC intraframe coding method and system based on spatial correlation, provided by the present invention, can increase coding efficiency.