The invention discloses a pedestrian protection system for a vehicle. The pedestrian protection system for the vehicle is provided with a protection piece. The protection piece can be switched between a folded state and an unfolded state. When in the unfolded state, the protection piece is arranged on the front side of a ventilation cover plate of the vehicle and shields the ventilation cover plate, and the protection piece is elastic and transparent. The elastic protection piece is arranged on the front side of the ventilation cover plate in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle so that the protection piece at least can partially shield the ventilation cover plate when unfolded, in this way, the head of a pedestrian is prevented from directly colliding with the rigid ventilation cover plate, and the harm to the pedestrian is reduced. According to the pedestrian protection system for the vehicle, the protection piece is made of transparent materials, a driver can see the position of the pedestrian clearly after the pedestrian collides with the vehicle, and therefore secondary harm to the pedestrian is avoided.