The invention discloses a treatment system of synthetic rubber wastewater. The treatment system comprises a PLC system, an adjusting tank, a neutralizing tank, a floatation tank, a biological contact oxidation tank, a load Fenton oxidation tank, an aerobiotic MBR tank, a catalytic ozonation tower and a break point chlorination denitrification tank, wherein a sludge treatment system comprises a sludge storage tank, a sludge thickener and a plate-and-frame filter press; a water outlet B of the break point chlorination denitrification tank is connected to a flowing carbon filtration tower through a water pump B, the flowing carbon filtration tower further treats organic matters and ammonia nitrogen in sub-standard wastewater, and the wastewater is emitted after the emission standard is achieved. The treatment system disclosed by the invention can effectively remove the hardly degradable organic matters and the high-content ammonia nitrogen in water, and a load-type Fenton effect can improve the biodegradability of the wastewater and guarantees the effect of biochemical treatment; latter catalytic ozonation can further remove the hardly degradable organic matters in the water due to biochemical action; the flowing carbon filtration tower can guarantee the up-to-standard emission of the wastewater, and the CODCr of the wastewater after treatment is smaller than 60 mg/L.