The invention discloses a color schlieren imaging device based on optical fiber coupling LED light sources. The color schlieren imaging device comprises the n LED light sources of different colors, n collecting lens sets, n optical fiber input couplings, n optical fibers, n optical fiber output couplings and a schlieren system, wherein n is larger than or equal to two. Each collecting lens set comprises a spherical lens, a relay lens and a light combining device. Scattered light emitted by the n LED light sources is gathered to the corresponding collecting lens set after passing the corresponding optical fiber input couplings and then passes the spherical lenses, the relay lenses and the light combining devices, the scattered light is transmitted to the corresponding optical fiber output couplings through the corresponding optical fibers and then enters the schlieren system after passing the optical fiber output couplings, and the scattered light is projected to a tested area to form parallel light with even color mixing. By means of the technical scheme, it is avoided that due to the large light source heating amount, a collecting lens installed behind a light source is heated and deformed, and the imaging quality is affected, and the utilization rate of light energy is improved.