An SCD file comparison method based on interconnection and interworking impact factors includes the steps that an SCD file is loaded and analyzed through software, and an application model of complete IEDs is obtained; an device list is established, and by taking an electrical interval as a basic object, addition and deletion of the IEDs, charges of control block parameters, addition and deletion of control block connection lines between the IEDs and quantity changes of virtual terminal connection lines between the IEDs are compared within the interval. By means of comparison of a new edition and an old edition, modified results of the SCD file are conveniently verified and checked, differences between SCD files of different editions are conveniently found out, on-site debugging personnel only need to debug the IEDs with modificatory configuration information again, pertinence of on-site debugging work is enhanced, and on-site debugging and construction work are effectively guided to be conducted in order. The interval serves as a basic unit of comparison and conforms to the engineering site working habit that debugging and operation are conducted according to the interval.