The invention discloses a three-dimensional scene rendering algorithm based on an LOD (Levels of Detail) model and a quadtree level structure, and adopts the LOD model to carry out layering and partitioning processing on data to improve the browsing speed of a three-dimensional scene. The three-dimensional scene rendering algorithm comprises the following steps: firstly, according to application requirement precision, the size of a visual scene and the complexity and the aggregation degree of surface features, determining a grade standard of LOD modeling; carrying out data layering; and carrying out data partitioning: taking a small-scale scene as one block for processing in a roaming process, and carrying out the portioning processing on scene data when the scale of scene data is enlarged. The LOD model is used for realizing real-time visualization, the quadtree level structure is utilized to display, query and analyze geographic information, the scene is segmented into a plurality of subscenes to ensure that the total data volume of a display area is not huge and the real-time browsing speed is smooth when the three-dimensional scene roams.