The invention discloses a vehicle-mounted short-distance communication network based quickly-converged ant colony routing establishment method. The establishment method comprises the following steps that nodes receive heartbeat information of surrounding nodes and determine distances and running directions of the surrounding nodes according to the heartbeat information; selection bands are determined from source nodes to destination nodes step by step; numbering the selection bands and nodes in the selection bands; information elements of source nodes and middle nodes are initialized according to the numbers; an improved ant colony algorithm is utilized to establish routing; optimal sending power are allocated to the source nodes and the middle nodes. The vehicle-mounted short-distance communication network based quickly-converged ant colony routing establishment method fully utilizes characteristics of a V2X network to improve the ant colony algorithm, invalid walking of artificial ants is decreased, convergence speed of the ant colony algorithm is greatly improved, and the routing establishment method adapts to the V2X network.