The invention relates to an R-type bicycle brake. The R-type bicycle brake comprises two L-shaped sliding grooves and a brake block. The two L-shaped sliding grooves are arranged oppositely. The brake block is installed on a push rod, and a horizontal rod at one end of the push rod stretches into the horizontal parts of the L-shaped sliding grooves and slides in the horizontal parts. A sliding rod is arranged in the vertical parts of the L-shaped sliding grooves in a vertical sliding mode, the upper end of the sliding rod is connected with the horizontal rod through a connecting piece, and a tension spring is connected between the sliding rod and the lower ends of the L-shaped sliding grooves. The R-type bicycle brake is simple in structure; based on the triangle belt transmission principle, the moving distance of the push rod is large, and replacement of parts is flexible; the closer to a steel ring the brake block is, the larger the supporting force on the push rod from the sliding rod will be, namely, the smaller the included angle between the sliding rod and the push rod is, the larger the holding force on the steel ring from brake blocks on the two sides will be.