The invention relates to a method for synthesizing D-pantolactone through asymmetric hydrogenation under an ionic liquid condition. The method adopts a homogeneous-phase asymmetric hydrogenation system which is composed of a chiral catalyst formed by chiral diphosphine ligand and a rhodium catalyst, a polyether alkyl guanidine salt ionic liquid, ketopantolactone and benzene or toluene; and asymmetric hydrogenation is carried out a certain reaction temperature and hydrogen pressure. According to the method provided by the invention, the immobilization effect of the ionic liquid on the chiral catalyst is utilized, separation and circulation of the chiral catalyst are realized through simple liquid-liquid separation, and the chiral catalyst can be cyclically used for a plurality of times; and the conversion rate of pantolactone or stereoselectivity of D-pantolactone is not obviously decreased.