The invention discloses an image quality assessment method based on a probabilistic graphical model to overcome the defect of a probabilistic latent semantic analysis model. Topic probability distribution of a test image is estimated based on a probabilistic graphical model, the perceived quality score of the test image is calculated by comparing the topic probability distribution of the test image with topic probability estimation of an undistorted image, and a good image quality assessment result can be obtained without the need for distorted image information.