The invention relates to a method for preparing a hollow nanostructure constructed by TiO2 nanorods and belongs to the field of photoelectric semiconductor materials. According to the method, TiF4 serves as a titanium source, a mixed solution of ethylene glycol and glacial acetic acid serves as a solvent, and ellipsoidal Fe2O3 nanoparticles serve as templates. The hollow nanostructure constructed by the TiO2 nanorods is prepared according to the hydrothermal method, the length of the hollow nanostructure is about 450 nm-500 nm, and the diameter of the hollow nanostructure is about 180 nm-220 nm; the length of the nanorods on the surface is about 70 nm-100 nm, and the diameter of the nanorods on the surface is about 10 nm. By means of the pre-growing templates, the form and inner surface structure of nanomaterials can be controlled, and better control over the performance of the hollow nanostructure is facilitated. The prepared TiO2 hollow nanostructure has the advantages that the size is controllable, operation is simple, raw materials are easy to obtain, and cost is low, and the prepared TiO2 hollow nanostructure has potential application prospects in the fields of environment, energy sources and the like.