The invention discloses an intelligent identification method and an intelligent identification device for ultrasonic detection of clamp types based on screw lug boss. The device comprises a workpiece clamp, screw lug boss type serial number blocks, an ultrasonic nondestructive detector and a water channel. The method comprises the steps of arranging the screw lug boss type serial number block at one end of each workpiece clamp; scanning the serial number block through the ultrasonic nondestructive detector before carrying out nondestructive detection of the workpiece each time; calculating value of height difference between the upper end face of a flat screw and the upper surface of the serial number block by a detection staff according to the time difference obtained after scanning, and obtaining a corresponding figure or letter of the flat screw according to the height difference, thereby obtaining the serial number of the serial number block, and matching the serial number with the workpiece information, wherein if the serial number completely corresponds to the workpiece information, selection of the workpiece clamp is correct. According to the method and the device provided by the invention, the serial number of the clamp can be accurately identified, and thus, the workpiece and the clamp can be matched perfectly while scanning is implemented, the utilization of an error prescription is prevented, and danger of occurrence of accidental collision is also avoided.