The invention provides a brake device supporting rail-compatible running of a trapped rail car. The brake device comprises a frame, oil cylinders and disc springs and further comprises lifting block and hook swing mechanisms, wherein the oil cylinders, the disc springs and the lifting block and hook swing mechanisms are arranged in the frame, and the disc springs are arranged on the lower portions of the oil cylinders. Each lifting block and hook swing mechanism comprises a pressing block assembly, a lifting block assembly and a hook swing part, wherein the pressing block assembly comprises a flange, a rod part and an upper friction block, the lifting block assembly comprises a brake hook and a lower friction block, and the hook swing part comprises a swing plate, a lug fork, a tension spring, a lug plate, a guide wheel and a stud. The guide wheels are attached to the outer side faces of rails; and the peripheries of the studs are sleeved with the guide wheels, and the guide wheels can freely rotate around the central lines of the studs. On the basis of an original brake device, one lifting block and hook swing mechanism is additionally arranged. When the trapped rail car runs, the mechanisms perceive rail changes through the guide wheels and drive the brake hooks to be opened or closed, and therefore collision of the brake hooks and connecting clamping plates is avoided, it is ensured that the trapped rail car can run in a rail-compatible manner, and the trapped rail car can be braked on special-shaped rails.