The invention relates to a rapid construction masonry wall with mortar replaced by glue and a construction method of the rapid construction brickwork wall. The masonry wall adopts glue to replace mortar in the construction process, so that the construction complexity is reduced, and the integrality, anti-seismic property and construction speed of the structure are improved. The construction method comprises the following steps: preparing glue which accords with the strength requirement; in the building process, paving glue with specified thickness on the contact surfaces of the bottom building blocks or the floorboard, before the glue becomes hard and dry, building the upper building blocks on the paved glue according to the code requirement and flattening and compacting to ensure that the adjacent building blocks are tightly bonded through the glue; and in a similar way, paving a layer of glue on the contact surfaces of the other building blocks, building new building blocks on the paved glue according to the code requirement and compacting to ensure that the bonding places between the building blocks are filled with glue, repeating according to the steps, wherein the glue is compact and full and the residual glue needs to be cleaned up.