The invention provides an air conditioning system based on solar heating and cooling achieved through a fog gun type evaporation cold air fan. The air conditioning system comprises a solar heat supply unit, a natural rainfall recycling unit, a rotary fog gun type evaporation cooling cold air fan unit used in summer and winter, an efficient superconducting radiator and a public bicycle stopping pad water circulation unit. The solar heat supply unit is connected with the public bicycle stopping pad water circulation unit through a main cold/hot water supply pipeline and a main cold/hot water return pipeline. The rotary fog gun type evaporation cooling cold air fan unit used in summer and winter and the efficient superconducting radiator are connected with the main cold/hot water supply pipeline and the main cold/hot water return pipeline through water pipes. The air conditioning system can be used in summer and winter and can supply warm air for transfer passengers, and deice tires of parked public bicycles in winter. The air conditioning system can supply cold air and mist to the transfer passengers to lower partial space temperature and remove dust, and cool the tires of the parked public bicycles to prevent flat tires in summer.