The invention provides a brain-like coprocessor based on a neuromorphic circuit. The brain-like coprocessor comprises a storage module storing training characteristic information, a processing module of the neuromorphic circuit based on a hierarchical structure, an encoder and a decoder which are respectively connected with the input end and the output end of the processing module, and a comparison module which is respectively connected with the output end of the storage module and the output end of the decoder. The storage module of the brain-like coprocessor comprises a training characteristic database and/or a configurable training characteristic database. The processing module comprises a solidification function network module and/or a configurable function network module and has a quite good expansion capability. According to the invention, the brain-like coprocessor employs a distributed storage and parallel cooperative processing mode, is especially suitable for processing non-formal problems and unstructured information and can also process formal problems and structured information, such that the speed of a computer in processing such problems as brain-like calculation, artificial intelligence and the like is substantially accelerated, the energy consumption is reduced, the fault tolerance capability is greatly improved, the programming complexity is reduced, and the computer performance is enhanced.