The invention provides an energy storage system collocation method, which comprises the steps: obtaining target data; utilizing a mixed integral linear programming method and a particle swarm optimization to respectively calculate an energy storage system scheduling objective function and an energy storage system optimizing objective function; utilizing an energy storage system optimizing collocation result to collocate an energy storage system, wherein the building processes of the energy storage system scheduling objective function and the energy storage system optimizing objective function comprise the steps: a distributed generation mathematic model in a virtual power plant is built; a sub-objective function is analyzed and built according to the mathematic model and the effect of the energy storage system in the virtual power plant and comprises an economy sub-objective function, a network supply sub-objective function and a voltage sub-objective function; the energy storage system scheduling objective function and the energy storage system optimizing objective function are respectively built according to the sub-objective functions. According to an optimizing collocation result solved by an energy storage system optimizing collocation model, the energy storage system of each collocation can be in an optimal scheduling state during operation and work.