The invention provides a distributed optical energy storage participated bus regulation self-adaptive control device and method. The device comprises a photovoltaic battery module, an energy storage module, a DC (direct current) converter and an inverter, wherein the photovoltaic battery module is connected with the DC converter; the DC converter is connected with the inverter after being connected in parallel with the energy storage module; the inverter is connected with a bus; the DC converter is used for regulating the electrical power output of the photovoltaic battery module according to the current capacity of the energy storage module and the electricity state of the bus; the inverter is used for controlling to output electrical energy to the energy storage module and/or the bus according to the current capacity of the energy storage module and the electricity state of the bus; the energy storage module is used for storing or releasing electrical energy. Therefore, the distributed optical energy storage participated bus regulation self-adaptive control device adaptively participates in regulation of the bus and improves the operation stability of the bus.