The invention provides a set-top box user behavior acquisition method, which comprises the steps of determining an acquired service scope when a set-top box is in operation according to user behavior acquisition rules of the current set-top box, filtering and matching effective user behaviors, and acquiring and buffering user behavior data according to user behavior acquisition granularity. By using the set-top box user behavior acquisition method provided by the invention, a user behavior acquisition front-end server is enabled to define the acquired service scope through changing use behavior acquisition configuration files according to requirements, the data volume of set-top box user behavior acquisition is reduced through effective user behavior filtering rules and the user behavior acquisition granularity, and the network bandwidth is saved.