The invention discloses a construction method used for preventing roof and floor water inrush in the case that mine working surfaces pass through faults with water permeability. According to the invention, prejudice of the prior art is broken through, the process of draining water and lowering pressure at first and then punching key hole is applied innovatively, a grouting anchor rod is used for carrying out anchoring and grouting on key holes, and then sprayed concrete is adopted for filling up the sunken areas around surrounding rocks, roofs and floors. Drainage is carried out on the key holes to lower pressure, grouting is carried out on the key holes to anchor and reinforce the surrounding rocks, then support on the surrounding rocks is carried out, the mechanical property of crushed zones around the faults and fissure zones of the roofs and floors of coal beds is improved, the technological means of improving seepage resistance is adopted, and therefore the mine working surfaces can safely pass through the faults with water permeability. The construction method has the advantages of being high in safety and reliability, simple, low in cost and high in technology promotion value.