The invention discloses a circuit system power consumption prediction method based on an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) chip. The method mainly solves the problem that the system thermal failure and reliability analysis requirements cannot be met in the prior art. The method comprises the following realization steps that: 1, internal resources of the FPGA are subjected to module division according to functions, and smallest modeling units are determined; 2, the power consumption influence factor is determined by aiming at the smallest modeling units; 3, a power consumption mathematic model of the smallest units is built according to the relationship between the power consumption influence factor and the power consumption; 4, a predication value of the mathematic model is compared with a measured value of a hardware platform, and the precision of the mathematic model is verified; and 5, the power consumption of each of the smallest unit is calculated by adopting the mathematic model with the up-to-standard precision, the power consumption of the smallest units is added, and the total power consumption of a circuit system based on the FPGA chip is obtained. The circuit system power consumption prediction method has the advantages that the precision errors are reduced; the predication precision is improved; and the circuit system power consumption prediction method can be used for the power consumption predication of various circuit systems of the FPGA chips in various series and various models.