The invention relates to an air quality index prediction method, in particular to an air quality index prediction method based on spatial and temporal distribution characteristics. The method adopts a time series prediction method to predict time orientation, i.e. an air quality index at certain time in the future; and then, a Kriging interpolation method is adopted, and the known latitude and longitude coordinates of a monitoring site are combined with a time series prediction result to carry out interpolate estimation on the air quality index of any place of a whole area. Therefore, the air quality index prediction method has the following advantages that the complexity of a model is lowered, whole calculation time is shortened, and meanwhile, the accuracy of the model is guaranteed; and in addition, the air quality indexes in multiple time periods in one day at each place within the area can be more accurately predicted.