The invention discloses an aluminum-electrolytic-electrochemical hybrid capacitor with high energy density and operating voltage. The hybrid capacitor comprises a positive pole, a negative pole, and electrolytic paper and an electrolyte which are between the positive pole and the negative pole, and is characterized in that the positive pole is an oxide film anode foil generated on an aluminum surface through electrochemical oxidation; the negative pole is conductive polyaniline or a carbon-coated aluminum foil; the electrolyte is an aqueous electrolyte or non-aqueous electrolyte; an aluminum electrolytic capacitor is formed by the positive pole and the electrolyte; an electrochemical capacitor is formed by the negative pole and the electrolyte; the aluminum-electrolytic-electrochemical hybrid capacitor has operating voltage between 40 and 500V and energy density between 0.85 and 1.6J/cm3. A preparation method comprises steps of element preparation, immersion, assembly, sleeving, aging, and detection. The aluminum-electrolytic-electrochemical hybrid capacitor of the invention has energy density between 0.85 and 1.6J/cm3 and operating voltage between 40 and 500V, and solves disadvantages of low energy density of the aluminum electrolytic capacitor and low operating voltage of the electrochemical capacitor, and is low in cost and suitable for large-scale popularization and application.