The invention discloses a headstock driving structure of a high-precision roll grinder. The headstock driving structure comprises a box, a driving belt pulley, a driven belt pulley, a belt, a spindle, a headstock faceplate ad a motor, wherein the motor can be fixed on the box and drives the driving belt pulley to rotate, the driving belt pulley drives the driven belt pulley to rotate through the belt, the driven belt pulley is fixedly connected with the headstock faceplate, the headstock faceplate is arranged on the outer side of one end of the spindle in a sleeving manner, the driven belt pulley can be rotationally arranged on the outer side of one end of the box in a sleeving manner, and the spindle is fixedly inserted into the box. The driven belt pulley is connected onto the box of a headstock directly, moment of inertia produced in presence of amount of unbalance in a rotation process is transferred directly to the box and a grinder body, very little influence is produced on the spindle, and the precision and surface quality after roll grinding can be improved greatly under the condition of top grinding.