The invention belongs to the technical field of oilfield produced water treatment and particularly relates to a low permeability high water content oilfield potential difference type oil and water collection process. The process includes the following steps of 1) oil collection which includes conducting preliminary sedimentation on produced oil from a single well by adopting a dirty oil tank, adopting a transporting device to pull the water-cut oil on the upper part obtained after preliminary sedimentation to the nearby combination station to be subjected to purification and then transported out; 2) water collection which includes discharging oily sewage on the lower part and obtained after preliminary sedimentation of a single well into a low level water tank and then enabling the oily sewage in the low level water tank to flow into a water collection station by connecting a water collection pipeline; 3) produced water treatment and reinjection: delivering the oily sewage collected in the water collection station into the reinjection station through the water supply pipeline and delivering the treated oily sewage back to the single well through a reinjection pipeline for reinjection. By means of the process, the produced oil is treated and transported away, the water is collected, treated and re-injected, the built facilities are fully utilized, and operation cost is saved.