The invention discloses a blasting processing method of a concrete bridge deck slab. The method comprises the following steps of selecting the test range at a to-be-processed area and conducting a drawing experiment after dust removal, to obtain the drawing strength P0; performing blasting processing in the test range and conducting the drawing experiment, to obtain the drawing strength P1; testing to obtain the drawing strength Pn after n times of blasting processing by adopting the same step; when the Pn is greater than 1.0-3.0MPa for the first time and blasting processing standards are achieved, recording the value n of the times of blasting; and performing n times of blasting processing within the whole range at the to-be-processed area, wherein n is greater than or equal to 1. By applying the method, the current process that the blasting result is visually tested and thus the construction quality is determined by people is avoided, so that the human error is reduced, the construction consistency is better and the bridge deck performance is even. By applying the quantifiable reasonable blasting processing and acceptance evaluation method of the concrete bridge deck slab, the mechanical performance index of the concrete bridge deck slab after processing can be directly reflected.