The invention relates to an image texture extraction and identification method by a non-Gauss two-dimension Gabor filter, and belongs to the mode identification technology field. The method includes the steps of constructing a non-Gauss two-dimension Gabor filter at first, employing the non-Gauss two-dimension Gabor filter to perform filter processing on an image, calculating the amplitude matrix of the filtered image, dividing the amplitude matrix into blocks, calculating the histogram characteristic vector of each block to obtain the histogram characteristic vector of the original image, and finally sending the characteristic vectors into a nearest-neighbor classifier based on chi-squared statistics and classifying and identifying the vectors. The method is a texture description method based on a non-Gauss two-dimension Gabor filter, is a spread way for conventional two-dimension Gabor filters, and can extract and identify non-Gauss texture characteristics of images.