A harvesting and treating integrated mechanical equipment for emergent aquatic plants is characterized by comprising a harvesting device and a smashing device; the harvesting device comprises a supporting frame, a lower extension arm, a shifting device, a net chain mechanism and a pruning device; the root portion of the lower extension arm is rotatably connected with the supporting frame; the net chain mechanism comprises a net chain driving shaft, a plurality of net chain driven shafts and net lines; the pruning device comprises a bevel gear mechanism, a first gear mechanism, a disc with a hinge pin, a fixed cutter and a moving cutter; the shifting device is positioned above the net lines at the end of the lower extension arm and comprises a shifting rotary shaft and a shifting disc support fixedly arranged on the shifting rotary shaft; a lifting platform extends upwards from the supporting frame; the supporting frame of the harvesting device is connected with the smashing device through a guide connection plate; the smashing device comprises a smashing device supporting frame which is rotatably connected with a horizontal rotary shaft, and a plurality of blades are axially positioned at intervals on the horizontal rotary shaft. The harvesting and treating integrated mechanical equipment for the emergent aquatic plants is capable of harvesting and smashing the emergent aquatic plants to realize integral treatment and is high in efficiency and convenient to use.