The invention relates to a hydraulic setting and rotating unlocking packer, and belongs to the field of oil gas well underground working tools. The packer comprises an inner central pipe, an outer central pipe, an upper connector, a lower connector, a piton sleeve and a release sleeve. The upper connector is arranged at one end of the inner central pipe in a threaded mode. An outer central pipe is arranged on the portion, on one side of the upper connector, of the inner central pipe. A middle connector is arranged on the portion, on one side of the outer central pipe, of the inner central pipe. One end of the middle connector is connected with the outer central pipe in a threaded mode, and the other end of the middle connector is provided with the lower connector in a threaded mode. The packer is compact in structure; a setting mechanism and an unlocking mechanism are exquisite in design; by means of a shearing pin arranged in the setting mechanism, setting conducted in advance can be effectively prevented; the setting force is locked and kept through a locking ring after setting is conducted, and setting is durable and effective; the defects caused when multiple packers are unlocked by providing large torque are effectively avoided. The packer is particularly suitable for production, water (gas) injection, interlayer packing, separated injection and production, multi-layer testing and yield increase work of vertical shafts and small-inclination wells.