The invention relates to a four-outlet biserial rear smoke wind system combined layout structure with a flue gas waste heat recovery device. The four-outlet biserial rear smoke wind system combined layout structure comprises four dust catcher outlets, a draught fan structure, a desulfurizing absorption tower, a wet type Electrostatic precipitator structure and a chimney; the draught fan structure is a biserial draught fan structure composed of two draught fans, an air inlet of each draught fan is communicated with the two corresponding dust catcher outlets, and the two draught fans are connected with an air inlet of the desulfurizing absorption tower through the flue gas waste heat recovery device; the wet type Electrostatic precipitator structure is made of a wet type Electrostatic precipitator, two air outlets of the desulfurizing absorption tower are connected with two air inlets of the wet type Electrostatic precipitator, and two air outlets of the wet type Electrostatic precipitator are connected with an air inlet of the chimney through a collecting pipe; and the draught fan structure, the flue gas waste heat recovery device and the four dust catcher outlets are disposed between the desulfurizing absorption tower and the chimney, the draught fan structure and the flue gas waste heat recovery device are located below the four dust catcher outlets, and the wet type Electrostatic precipitator structure is located over the four dust catcher outlets. The four-outlet biserial rear smoke wind system combined layout structure has the advantages of the less occupied area, initial investment cost reduction and the like, and also has the effects of efficient operation, energy conservation and the like.