The invention relates to a quality control method of a traditional Chinese medicine preparation. Particularly, an HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) is used for separation, an MS (mass spectrum) is used for detection, MRM (multiple reaction monitoring) is combined, an LC-MS-MRM separation, detection and statistical identification combined quality control model for a Shuxuetong injection is established, and the model is used for performing quality control on polypeptide (oligopeptide) components in the Shuxuetong injection. Qualitative identification can be performed on the known active polypeptide (oligopeptide) components in the Shuxuetong injection quickly and effectively with the method, and the method is simple, quick, high in specificity, good in reproducibility and more beneficial to improvement on a quality control means for the Shuxuetong injection.