The invention discloses a method and a device for measuring power consumption of a mobile terminal. The method includes a step of obtaining a model, a current residual capacity and power consumption information of the mobile terminal; a step of computing a current power duration of a target mobile terminal according to the current residual capacity and the power consumption information of the target mobile terminal; a step of obtaining a pre-built mapping relation among the current residual capacity, the power duration and the model of the mobile terminal; a step of matching the model and the current residual capacity of the target mobile terminal with the mapping relation and finding the power duration corresponding to the mobile terminal having the model; a step of comparing the current power duration of the target mobile terminal with the corresponded power duration and measuring whether the power consumption of the target mobile terminal is abnormal. As the performance of the mobile terminals having the same model in many aspects are basically the same, the power durations of the mobile terminals having the same model are compared to measure whether the power consumption of the terminal mobile is abnormal.