The invention discloses a pearl cultivation system capable of improving the pearl mussel survival rate. The pearl cultivation system comprises a culture pond, an aerating device, a settling pond, a microbial flocculant adding device, a controller and a purifying pond, wherein the settling pond is connected with the culture pond through a first pipeline; the microbial flocculant adding device comprises a round funnel which is located above the settling pond. A rod in the shape of British Union Jack is arranged, a plurality of mesh bags made of a flexible material are detachably connected to each sub-rod, a pearl mussel is arranged in each mesh bag, the spaces are fully used, the density of the pearl mussels cannot be too high, and the pearl mussel survival rate cannot be reduced;, the mesh bags are made of the flexible material so that the mesh bags can deform correspondingly along water flowing, the stress borne by the mesh bags is reduced, and nutrient substances in water can be fully used; the aerating device is arranged, the content of oxygen in the water is increased, and the pearl mussel survival rate is further improved.