The invention discloses an acquisition system of cathode protection data of a buried pipeline. The acquisition system comprises one or more data acquiring and storing devices, and a data analyzing and early-warning device, wherein the data acquiring and storing devices are in communication connection with the data analyzing and early-warning device through a network; the data acquiring and storing devices acquire the cathode protection data of the buried pipeline; after the acquired cathode protection data of the buried pipeline is processed and stored, the data acquiring and storing devices transmit the cathode protection data of the buried pipeline to the data analyzing and early-warning device; the data analyzing and early-warning device receives the cathode protection data of the buried pipeline, which is transmitted by the data acquiring and storing devices, and performs early-warning analysis; early warning is performed according to the result of the early-warning analysis. The acquisition system disclosed by the invention realizes acquisition and monitoring, and centralized supervision and management of the stray current and the cathode protection data of the buried pipeline, so that the timeliness, the reliability and the authenticity of the stray current and the cathode protection data are guaranteed; besides, corresponding manpower resources are saved, and the operation management level of stray current protection and cathode protection for the pipelines are effectively improved.