The invention discloses a testing system and a testing method for mechanical property of a coal rock test piece. The testing system comprises traditional mechanical property testing, a medical image and rock breaking intelligent monitoring; the traditional mechanical property testing comprises a mechanical index testing system and a hydraulic control continuous loading system; the medical image comprises an X-optical mechanical scanning system and an enhancing image system; the rock breaking intelligent monitoring comprises a sound emitting monitoring system and a thermal infrared monitoring system. The testing method for the mechanical property of the coal rock test piece particularly comprises the following steps that 1 a mechanical test platform and DR/CR image equipment are started; 2 the coal rock test piece is placed on the carrying disc position of a mechanical test machine, and an AE sensor and the test piece are fixed; 3 a contrast agent is injected; 4 one-time DR/CR image scanning is conducted; 5 a mechanical property test is carried out on the coal rock test piece. The obtained image is clear in picture, the analysis carried out on the microscopic scale such as internal microcracks of the rock sample test piece is achieved, and the experimental data are more accurate.