The invention discloses a multi-layer shallow root system growth space plant filtering column assembly type filter bed which comprises a filter bed body. A plurality of plant filtering column units are arranged at the bed bottom of the filter bed body at intervals. Each plant filtering column unit comprises a column wall, a first partition plate, a second partition plate, a first hydroponics plant and a second hydroponics plant, wherein a plurality of small holes are formed in the column wall in a staggered mode, the first partition plate and the second partition plate are arranged on the inner side of the column wall from top to bottom, the root part of the first hydroponics plant is fixed to the first partition plate, the stem leaf part of the first hydroponics plant faces upwards, the root part of the second hydroponics plants is fixed to the second partition plate and the bed bottom, and the stem leaf part of the second hydroponics plant extends to the outer side of the column wall through the small holes. A water inlet distribution pool is arranged at one end of the filter bed body and provided with an overflow dam. The filter bed is low in manufacturing cost, easy to maintain and high in land utilization rate and sewage treatment efficiency.