The invention discloses a method for enhancing sewage nitrogen and phosphorus removal and saving energy and reducing consumption based on pulse aeration. On the basis of a traditional A2O process, different galleries or areas of an aerobic zone are partitioned, a central control system in a sewage treatment plant is used for controlling an air blower, a pipeline and an air valve of an aerating system, the aerobic zone is subjected to pulse aeration, an area in the aerobic zone is always in the low dissolved oxygen state, DO is smaller than 0.5 mg/L, meanwhile, other areas normally aerate to be in high dissolved oxygen state, that is, DO is 2-3 mg/L, different areas of the aerobic zone are alternatively in the low dissolved oxygen state, the time that each area is in the low dissolved oxygen state in one cycle is t/n; t is an aerobic zone hydraulic retention time, and n refers to the number of the galleries or areas; the pulse cycle is an aerobic zone hydraulic retention time; after the aerobic zone is subjected to intermittent pulse aeration, an alternative aerobic-anoxic environment is realized, the denitrification is enhanced, and the sewage treatment effect and the water quality are improved.