The invention discloses a rod and wire controlled cooling device after rolling. The device is sequentially provided with a conveying roller set, a rapid cooling device and slow cooling devices according to the cooled sequence of rods. The rapid cooling device comprises high-pressure metal hoses, rods and wires enter the rapid cooling device to be cooled through the conveying roller set, and then the rods and wires enter the slow cooling devices to be cooled. According to the rod and wire controlled cooling device after rolling, the rapid cooling device and multiple sections of slow cooling devices are combined, and thus the temperatures of rolled pieces can be controlled accurately and stably after the rods and wires are subjected to controlled cooling.