The invention discloses a reverse digging penetration explosion method having no damage to an installed or used shaft when the shaft well extends. Before a reverse digging penetration rock column (10) to be exploded at the last time, a peripheral bubble curtain generation pipe (12) with jet small holes (11) in the inner side and a middle reinforcing bubble curtain generation pipe (13) with jet small holes (11) in the two sides and the upper part are arranged along the shaft well wall from the bottom of a shaft (17) at a certain distance upwardly, and the peripheral bubble curtain generation pipe and the middle reinforcing bubble curtain generation pipe are communicated with a high pressure air supply pipe (14), water is injected to the bottom of the shaft well along the well wall from a lowest middle driftway (1) of the installed or used shaft, a mine high-pressure air supply pipe supplies air to the peripheral bubble curtain generation pipe (12) of each layer, and the reverse digging penetration rock column (10) to be exploded at the last time is exploded at the end. The damage to the shaft equipment at the bottom of the installed or used shaft on a large scale by the explosion flyrocks and air shock waves of the last explosion can be prevented when the shaft well extends and the reverse digging penetration is carried out, and the phenomenon that the detachment and reinstallation of the damaged shaft require that the mine needs to stop operation for a long time before and after the reverse digging penetration is carried out during the extension of the shaft can be prevented.