The invention discloses a two-box asynchronous concrete freezing-thawing test device and a test method. The device comprises two freezing-thawing test boxes, an anti-freeze liquid cyclic exchange system between the two boxes, a respective two-box heating and cooling system, an automatic control system and a storage system, wherein the anti-freeze liquid cyclic exchange system between the two boxes is connected with the two freezing-thawing test boxes respectively through exchange pipelines; the respective two-box heating and cooling system is connected with the two freezing-thawing test boxes respectively through heating and cooling pipelines; temperature sensors are arranged in the two freezing-thawing test devices; the automatic control system controls connection or disconnection between the exchange pipelines, the heating and cooling pipelines and the two freezing-thawing test boxes respectively according to received temperatures. By the automatic control system, the two freezing-thawing text boxes are respectively in freezing and thawing running states in a cyclic reciprocating manner for asynchronous operation; in the same test amount, the energy consumption is about 30-35 percent of a single text box device; the two-box asynchronous concrete freezing-thawing test device has the characteristics of low energy consumption and low noise.