The present invention provides an optimal power distribution and relay deployment method of a full duplex bidirectional decoding forwarding relay based on a channel statistics characteristic. The method comprises the following steps of establishing a bidirectional full duplex relay communication system; using a terminal node to send the state information to a relay node, wherein the state information comprises the emission power information and the self-interference information; after the relay node receives the state information of the terminal node, selecting an optimal power distribution scheme to send a signal; and selecting the deployment position of the relay node according to an optimal power optimization scheme. According to the present invention, and according to a deployment mechanism of the relay node, a power distribution mechanism of the relay node enables the interruption probability of a system to be reduced effectively, the problem that the interruption probability is overhigh in a full duplex system is solved, and the stability of the system is improved, thereby improving the service quality of the terminal node.