The invention provides a fish and vegetable co-existing planting and breeding method, and belongs to the technical field of ecological breeding methods. The fish and vegetable co-existing planting and breeding method comprises the steps that an ecological floating bed is arranged in a pond, vegetables are planted on the ecological floating bed, and fishes are bred in the pond. According to the fish and vegetable co-existing planting and breeding method, the method is simple, convenient and free of pollution, aquaculture and vegetable planting are organically combined in a same water body, an ecological planting and breeding mode that water does not need to be replaced, vegetables do not need to be fertilized, and resources can be recycled is achieved, the ecological floating bed is adopted to plant the vegetables, the important improving effect can be achieved for the pond water quality.