The invention discloses a specimen refrigerated storage pipe, which comprises a pipe body and an integrated pipe cap which is detachably assembled in the pipe body, wherein the upper end of the pipe body is provided with an upper end opening; the lower end of the pipe body is provided with a lower end opening; a pipe body sleeve pipe is also arranged below the upper end opening inside the pipe body; a weight increasing part is also arranged on the pipe body; the pipe cap comprises a pipe cap matching part and a specimen loading rod which is integrally molded with the pipe cap matching part; a storage groove used for storing a specimen is formed in at least one side of the specimen loading rod; the pipe cap matching part is detachably assembled on the upper end opening of the pipe body; and the specimen loading rod can be inserted into the pipe body sleeve pipe or can be pulled out of the pipe body sleeve pipe. The invention also discloses a specimen refrigerated storage device. The specimen refrigerated storage pipe and the specimen refrigerated storage device have the advantages that the structure is simple; the operation is convenient; and no liquid nitrogen is left.