The invention discloses an experimental device and an experimental method for cylindrical isentropic compression. The experimental device comprises a cylindrical implosion magnetic flux compression generator; the cylindrical implosion magnetic flux compression generator comprises a metal sleeve, wherein two fixed coils are symmetrically arranged on the outer side of the metal sleeve; an explosive ring is arranged between the two coils; a synchronous detonating network is arranged on the outer side of the explosive ring; a cylindrical isentropic compression target is arranged in a metal sleeve; a laser speed measurement probe is mounted in the cylindrical isentropic compression target. According to the experimental device and the experimental method, the method for measuring the compression degree of a material in prior art is changed by designing a novel cylindrical isentropic compression target; a complex flash photography device is not required; the technical difficulty of measurement is greatly reduced; the cost of equipment is also reduced; the laser speed measurement technology involved in the invention is the standard measurement technology in the compression scientific field at present; the technology is mature and reliable; the measurement precision can reach 1 to 2 percent; therefore, the precision of the measurement data is greatly improved.