The present invention relates to a biodegradable microbead having improved adsorptive power to anticancer drugs, to a method for preparing same, and to a method for treating cancer using same. According to the present invention, a rigid bead having excellent adsorptive power to anticancer drugs can be prepared through cross-linking and an amide bond between an albumin and an anionic polymer. Also, the microbead of the present invention is prepared by a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer so as to be safe when applied to the human body. Further, the microbead of the present invention can effectively inhibit the growth of a tumor by effectively blocking a blood vessel which supplies nutrients to a liver tumor, while continuously releasing anticancer drugs which are adsorbed into the surface of the bead. Thus, the present invention can be usefully applied to a chemoembolization of liver cancer.