The invention provides a foot-operated lower limb exoskeleton exercise rehabilitation wheelchair. An exoskeleton mechanism provided with a driving degree of freedom and a plurality of driven degrees of freedom is installed on a wheelchair comprising pedals, when a user tread the wheelchair to travel, a customized rehabilitation training which achieve the switching from a complete driving mode of legs to a complete driven mode of legs is achieved, on one hand, when the user is physically inactive, i.e., when the user is completely lack of physical strength or has part of physical strength, the exoskeleton mechanism can provide all power or part of the power which drives the wheelchair to travel to help the user to move; on the other hand, under the condition that the user is full of physical strength, the exoskeleton mechanism can provide different resistance as needed to help the user fully exercise the lower limbs of the user. The most important characteristic of the foot-operated lower limb exoskeleton exercise rehabilitation wheelchair is that the characteristics of the exoskeleton mechanism and the wheelchair are fully utilized, the wheelchair can help the user to move and carry out scientific rehabilitation training to the lower limbs of a convalescent, and the wheelchair is simple and practical, and is suitable for popularization.