The invention discloses a preparation method for an efficient oil absorption carbon aerogel material. The preparation method comprises the steps that firstly 1 part by weight of carbon nano tubes and 0.01 part of a surface active agent are dispersed into 4-10 parts of ethyl alcohol to obtain carbon nano tube dispersion liquid; next, the carbon nano tube dispersion liquid is slowly added into stirring graphene oxide dispersion liquid to form graphene oxide-carbon nano tube dispersion liquid; then reduction is conducted on the graphene oxide-carbon nano tube dispersion liquid by the adoption of a chemical hydrothermal reduction method to obtain graphene oxide-carbon nano tube hydrogel; finally, freeze drying is conducted on the hydrogel to obtain aerogel. According to the preparation method for the efficient oil absorption carbon aerogel material, firstly, the carbon nano tubes are dispersed into the dispersion liquid containing the ethyl alcohol and the surface active agent, then self-assembly is conducted with the high-dispersibility graphene oxide, the technology is simple, the obtain three-dimensional graphene oxide-carbon nano tube effectively combines advantages of the graphene oxide with advantages of the carbon nano tubes, good adsorption performance and mechanical strength are achieved, and the wide application prospect in the field of oil and gas fields is achieved.