The invention discloses a digitization method for a railway vehicle bearing acoustic detection system and an implementation device for the digitization method, and belongs to the technical field of train security monitoring. A master control system, a data collection system, a wheel sensor, a startup sensor, a digital microphone array and a network device are arranged in a rail edge protection cabinet for processing train signals, obtaining vehicle passing data and uploading the data to a vehicle depot data center through a high-speed network in forms of specific messages. By means of the digitization method and the implementation device, vehicle bearing sounds are collected directly through digital microphones, the vehicle bearing sounds and other signals are directly processed in the rail edge protection cabinet, all field data are digitized, signal noise caused when analog signals are transmitted in a long-line manner is avoided, the signal quality is high, and the anti-interference capacity is high; the digitization data are directly transmitted to a central server through a high-speed network channel, and cable line resources are saved.