The invention discloses a device and method for recycling sulfur in acidolysis exhaust gas. The device comprises an exhaust gas conveying pipeline, a Venturi tube and an alkali spraying tower. An air conveying pipeline, a cyclone separator and an air blower are added. After being mixed, acidolysis exhaust gas and air enter the cyclone separator for reaction and separation, and residual gas sequentially passes through the Venturi tube and the alkali spraying tower to be exhausted. When the device is used for recycling sulfur in acidolysis exhaust gas, air with the volume of the acidolysis exhaust gas being 20%-50% and the acidolysis exhaust gas are mixed and subjected to a reaction to generate sulfur, then, the cyclone separator is used for separating out and recycling the sulfur, and the residual exhaust gas passes through the Venturi tube and the alkali spraying tower for neutralization and desulfuration to be exhausted into the atmosphere. By means of the device and method, 0.5-0.8 kg of sulfur can be recycled from the acidolysis exhaust gas generated by ilmenite per ton, the exhausted gas can reach the exhaust emission index of the sulfur content of the national standard, and the consumption of dilute alkali is only 20-60% that of a traditional mode.